Assessing the Usability of Real-Time Urdu Braille Applications: A Comprehensive Evaluation

Abstract

Visual impairment encompasses both partial and complete loss of vision. Smart devices serve as efficient tools for assisting individuals with such impairments, empowering them to overcome their disabilities and improve their quality of life. Braille stands out as a widely adopted communication method among those with visual impairments. Touchscreen smart devices offer the ability to receive Braille input and promptly convert it into spoken language. However, many existing systems rely on input methods linked to specific locations, presenting challenges for visually impaired users. This study introduces a touchscreen-based Braille input method that remains accessible regardless of position, specifically designed for individuals with visual impairments. The aim is to minimize user effort by necessitating only taps on the relevant dots for each character. Through this interface, individuals with visual impairments can input Grade 1 and contracted Grade 2 Urdu characters by tapping anywhere on the screen. Evaluation metrics such as efficiency, accuracy, error rate, and user satisfaction were employed to assess the user experience with the proposed interface.